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RAFFAELLO Sanzio
Italian High Renaissance Painter, 1483-1520
Italian painter and architect. As a member of Perugino's workshop, he established his mastery by 17 and began receiving important commissions. In 1504 he moved to Florence, where he executed many of his famous Madonnas; his unity of composition and suppression of inessentials is evident in The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1506). Though influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's chiaroscuro and sfumato, his figure types were his own creation, with round, gentle faces that reveal human sentiments raised to a sublime serenity. In 1508 he was summoned to Rome to decorate a suite of papal chambers in the Vatican. The frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura are probably his greatest work; the most famous, The School of Athens (1510 C 11), is a complex and magnificently ordered allegory of secular knowledge showing Greek philosophers in an architectural setting. The Madonnas he painted in Rome show him turning away from his earlier work's serenity to emphasize movement and grandeur, partly under Michelangelo's High Renaissance influence. The Sistine Madonna (1513) shows the richness of colour and new boldness of compositional invention typical of his Roman period. He became the most important portraitist in Rome, designed 10 large tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel, designed a church and a chapel, assumed the direction of work on St. Peter's Basilica at the death of Donato Bramante,
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The Liberation of St Peter
1514 Fresco, width at base 660 cm Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The story in the New Testament says that King Herod took Peter prisoner and intended to have him killed. In prison the Apostle was chained to two guards, but an angel of the Lord freed him despite the close watch. The fresco is dated 1514 on two painted tablets in the picture. The composition of this fresco clearly reflects the order and unity of the Mass of Bolsena. But the story is broken down into three distinct episodes, taken from the Acts of the Apostles. The first shows the dismay of the guards; the second the appearance of the Angel of Freedom in the saint's cell; the third, the bewildered Peter led by the hand of the divine messenger. The barred cell is on an upper level (like the altar in the Mass) and is reached by steps to the left and right. A group of agitated figures occupies the stairway at the left. Here, a soldier - whose armor reflects the light of the moon asks his sleepy and bewildered comrades what is going on. At right, the angel leads the stunned and still-sleepy St Peter past another sleeping guard. Here, for the first time, Raphael attempts a "night effect", using both the natural light of the moon and the autonomous light of the angel. Raphael's assistants played a greater role in painting the Eliodoro cycle than in the Stanza della Segnatura. This is clearly a consequence of the growing number of commissions which the Romans granted to Raphael. The hand of Giulio Romano, one of his most faithful pupils, is visible in the episode showing the Liberation of St Peter. This painting is the last fresco that can be attributed to Raphael with any certainty. The large cycles which follow (except for the Sibyls of Santa Maria della Pace) were entrusted mainly to assistants.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Liberation of St Peter Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63805
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The_Liberation_of_St_Peter
1514 Fresco, width at base 660 cm Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The story in the New Testament says that King Herod took Peter prisoner and intended to have him killed. In prison the Apostle was chained to two guards, but an angel of the Lord freed him despite the close watch. The fresco is dated 1514 on two painted tablets in the picture. The composition of this fresco clearly reflects the order and unity of the Mass of Bolsena. But the story is broken down into three distinct episodes, taken from the Acts of the Apostles. The first shows the dismay of the guards; the second the appearance of the Angel of Freedom in the saint's cell; the third, the bewildered Peter led by the hand of the divine messenger. The barred cell is on an upper level (like the altar in the Mass) and is reached by steps to the left and right. A group of agitated figures occupies the stairway at the left. Here, a soldier - whose armor reflects the light of the moon asks his sleepy and bewildered comrades what is going on. At right, the angel leads the stunned and still-sleepy St Peter past another sleeping guard. Here, for the first time, Raphael attempts a "night effect", using both the natural light of the moon and the autonomous light of the angel. Raphael's assistants played a greater role in painting the Eliodoro cycle than in the Stanza della Segnatura. This is clearly a consequence of the growing number of commissions which the Romans granted to Raphael. The hand of Giulio Romano, one of his most faithful pupils, is visible in the episode showing the Liberation of St Peter. This painting is the last fresco that can be attributed to Raphael with any certainty. The large cycles which follow (except for the Sibyls of Santa Maria della Pace) were entrusted mainly to assistants.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Liberation of St Peter Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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The Liberation of St Peter
1514 Fresco, width of detail: 235 cm Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The story in this fresco is broken down into three distinct episodes, taken from the Acts of the Apostles. The second (in the centre) shows the appearance of the Angel of Freedom in the saint's cell.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Liberation of St Peter (detail) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63806
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The_Liberation_of_St_Peter
1514 Fresco, width of detail: 235 cm Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The story in this fresco is broken down into three distinct episodes, taken from the Acts of the Apostles. The second (in the centre) shows the appearance of the Angel of Freedom in the saint's cell.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Liberation of St Peter (detail) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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Vision of the Cross
1520-24 Fresco Stanza di Constantino, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The view of the "Tomb-pyramid of Romulus", which is no longer there, and the so-called Citadel of Sant'Angelo together with the bridge of Sant'Angelo, is an example of Raphael's interest in ancient Rome. The view Raphael has chosen more or less matches the view he had of Rome in 1520 from his Vatican loggie, which are located right behind the wall painted with the fresco. The Citadel of Sant'Angelo appears to be Raphael's reconstruction of the original ancient building, the erstwhile Hadrian Mausoleum, as it might have looked in the days of Emperor Constantine. By depicting this view of ancient Rome, Raphael is suggesting to anyone viewing that fresco that Constantine experienced his vision in the precise place where the Vatican State is now located. By this means Raphael was able to confirm in a very subtle manner, that the Popes had established themselves in Rome - more specifically - in the Vatican.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Vision of the Cross (detail) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : historical
Painting ID:: 63807
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Vision_of_the_Cross
1520-24 Fresco Stanza di Constantino, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The view of the "Tomb-pyramid of Romulus", which is no longer there, and the so-called Citadel of Sant'Angelo together with the bridge of Sant'Angelo, is an example of Raphael's interest in ancient Rome. The view Raphael has chosen more or less matches the view he had of Rome in 1520 from his Vatican loggie, which are located right behind the wall painted with the fresco. The Citadel of Sant'Angelo appears to be Raphael's reconstruction of the original ancient building, the erstwhile Hadrian Mausoleum, as it might have looked in the days of Emperor Constantine. By depicting this view of ancient Rome, Raphael is suggesting to anyone viewing that fresco that Constantine experienced his vision in the precise place where the Vatican State is now located. By this means Raphael was able to confirm in a very subtle manner, that the Popes had established themselves in Rome - more specifically - in the Vatican.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Vision of the Cross (detail) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : historical
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The Cardinal Virtues
1511 Fresco, width at the base 660 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The lunette above the scenes Justinian Presenting the Pandects to Trebonianus (left) and Gregory IX Approving the Decretals (right) represents the Cardinal Virtues. Fortitude can be recognized by her attribute, the lion; Wisdom, who has two faces, by her mirror; and Temperance by the reins. Fortitude is holding an oak branch, a reference to the pope's family name, Rovere, meaning "oak."Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Cardinal Virtues Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63808
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The_Cardinal_Virtues
1511 Fresco, width at the base 660 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The lunette above the scenes Justinian Presenting the Pandects to Trebonianus (left) and Gregory IX Approving the Decretals (right) represents the Cardinal Virtues. Fortitude can be recognized by her attribute, the lion; Wisdom, who has two faces, by her mirror; and Temperance by the reins. Fortitude is holding an oak branch, a reference to the pope's family name, Rovere, meaning "oak."Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Cardinal Virtues Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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Ceiling
1513-14 Fresco Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The four great paintings on the ceiling show scenes from the Old Testament, the theme being God's intervention at a critical moment in Man's destiny: Moses and the Burning Bush is above the fresco The Expulsion of Heliodorus; Isaac's Sacrifice of his Son is above The Mass at Bolsena; Noah's Dream is above The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila; and Jacob's Ladder is above The Liberation of St Peter.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Ceiling Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63809
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Ceiling
1513-14 Fresco Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The four great paintings on the ceiling show scenes from the Old Testament, the theme being God's intervention at a critical moment in Man's destiny: Moses and the Burning Bush is above the fresco The Expulsion of Heliodorus; Isaac's Sacrifice of his Son is above The Mass at Bolsena; Noah's Dream is above The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila; and Jacob's Ladder is above The Liberation of St Peter.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Ceiling Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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RAFFAELLO_Sanzio
Italian High Renaissance Painter, 1483-1520
Italian painter and architect. As a member of Perugino's workshop, he established his mastery by 17 and began receiving important commissions. In 1504 he moved to Florence, where he executed many of his famous Madonnas; his unity of composition and suppression of inessentials is evident in The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1506). Though influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's chiaroscuro and sfumato, his figure types were his own creation, with round, gentle faces that reveal human sentiments raised to a sublime serenity. In 1508 he was summoned to Rome to decorate a suite of papal chambers in the Vatican. The frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura are probably his greatest work; the most famous, The School of Athens (1510 C 11), is a complex and magnificently ordered allegory of secular knowledge showing Greek philosophers in an architectural setting. The Madonnas he painted in Rome show him turning away from his earlier work's serenity to emphasize movement and grandeur, partly under Michelangelo's High Renaissance influence. The Sistine Madonna (1513) shows the richness of colour and new boldness of compositional invention typical of his Roman period. He became the most important portraitist in Rome, designed 10 large tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel, designed a church and a chapel, assumed the direction of work on St. Peter's Basilica at the death of Donato Bramante,
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ARTWORKS INDEX
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ARTISTS INDEX A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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