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RAFFAELLO Sanzio
Italian High Renaissance Painter, 1483-1520
Italian painter and architect. As a member of Perugino's workshop, he established his mastery by 17 and began receiving important commissions. In 1504 he moved to Florence, where he executed many of his famous Madonnas; his unity of composition and suppression of inessentials is evident in The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1506). Though influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's chiaroscuro and sfumato, his figure types were his own creation, with round, gentle faces that reveal human sentiments raised to a sublime serenity. In 1508 he was summoned to Rome to decorate a suite of papal chambers in the Vatican. The frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura are probably his greatest work; the most famous, The School of Athens (1510 C 11), is a complex and magnificently ordered allegory of secular knowledge showing Greek philosophers in an architectural setting. The Madonnas he painted in Rome show him turning away from his earlier work's serenity to emphasize movement and grandeur, partly under Michelangelo's High Renaissance influence. The Sistine Madonna (1513) shows the richness of colour and new boldness of compositional invention typical of his Roman period. He became the most important portraitist in Rome, designed 10 large tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel, designed a church and a chapel, assumed the direction of work on St. Peter's Basilica at the death of Donato Bramante,
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Poetry
1509-11 Fresco, diameter 180 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The lyre and the laurel wreath are the symbols of Poetry, who here appears as a winged figure. Like Aristotle in The School of Athens, she is holding a book in an unusual way; the title is not known. Two putti are holding the tablets on which are written the words of the Roman poet Virgil's, "Numine Afflatur" (Inspired by the Spirit). The Christian "spirit" is meant here, since putti are holding the text and not genii, as with the figure of Philosophy.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Poetry (ceiling tondo) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63795
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Poetry
1509-11 Fresco, diameter 180 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The lyre and the laurel wreath are the symbols of Poetry, who here appears as a winged figure. Like Aristotle in The School of Athens, she is holding a book in an unusual way; the title is not known. Two putti are holding the tablets on which are written the words of the Roman poet Virgil's, "Numine Afflatur" (Inspired by the Spirit). The Christian "spirit" is meant here, since putti are holding the text and not genii, as with the figure of Philosophy.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Poetry (ceiling tondo) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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Theology
1509-11 Fresco, diameter 180 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican Theology's veil is white, her cloak green, and her dress red, the colours of the theological Virtues (Faith, Hope, and Charity). She is holding a book in her left hand and is pointing with her right hand at the fresco of the Disputa below. Two putti are holding blue tablets with the golden inscriptions Divinar, Rer and Notitia ("Knowledge of Divine Things").Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Theology (ceiling tondo) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63796
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Theology
1509-11 Fresco, diameter 180 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican Theology's veil is white, her cloak green, and her dress red, the colours of the theological Virtues (Faith, Hope, and Charity). She is holding a book in her left hand and is pointing with her right hand at the fresco of the Disputa below. Two putti are holding blue tablets with the golden inscriptions Divinar, Rer and Notitia ("Knowledge of Divine Things").Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Theology (ceiling tondo) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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Justice
1509-11 Fresco, diameter 180 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The personification of Justice is holding, as her symbols, weighing scales and a sword. Her eyes are directed at the fresco below, The Virtues, in which Fortitude, Wisdom, and Temperance are portrayed in the form of three women. Taken together, all four personifications represent the Cardinal Virtues. Justice's prominent position is explained by the fact that Justice was said by Plato to play a decisive role among the virtues. Two putti are holding the inscription with the words of Emperor Justinian, "She gives Justice to all."Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Justice (ceiling tondo) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63797
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Justice
1509-11 Fresco, diameter 180 cm Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican The personification of Justice is holding, as her symbols, weighing scales and a sword. Her eyes are directed at the fresco below, The Virtues, in which Fortitude, Wisdom, and Temperance are portrayed in the form of three women. Taken together, all four personifications represent the Cardinal Virtues. Justice's prominent position is explained by the fact that Justice was said by Plato to play a decisive role among the virtues. Two putti are holding the inscription with the words of Emperor Justinian, "She gives Justice to all."Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: Justice (ceiling tondo) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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The Battle of Ostia
1514-15 Fresco, width at base 770 cm Stanza dell'Incendio di Borgo, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican In AD 849 the Arab fleet attacked the papal forces, but was destroyed by a storm. On the left, Leo IV, in the figure of Leo X, can be seen giving thanks. The scene is probably a reference to Leo's intentions to mount a crusade against the Turks. The fresco is the work of workshop assistants.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Battle of Ostia Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63798
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The_Battle_of_Ostia
1514-15 Fresco, width at base 770 cm Stanza dell'Incendio di Borgo, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican In AD 849 the Arab fleet attacked the papal forces, but was destroyed by a storm. On the left, Leo IV, in the figure of Leo X, can be seen giving thanks. The scene is probably a reference to Leo's intentions to mount a crusade against the Turks. The fresco is the work of workshop assistants.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Battle of Ostia Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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The Mass at Bolsena
1512 Fresco, width of detail: 141 cm Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican As the priest raises the Host, two devotees lean over the semicircular screen which forms the background of the scene. This is a further attempt by Raphael to represent figures in a more dynamic way.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Mass at Bolsena (detail) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
Painting ID:: 63799
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The_Mass_at_Bolsena
1512 Fresco, width of detail: 141 cm Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican As the priest raises the Host, two devotees lean over the semicircular screen which forms the background of the scene. This is a further attempt by Raphael to represent figures in a more dynamic way.Artist:RAFFAELLO Sanzio Title: The Mass at Bolsena (detail) Painted in 1501-1550 , Italian - - painting : religious
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RAFFAELLO_Sanzio
Italian High Renaissance Painter, 1483-1520
Italian painter and architect. As a member of Perugino's workshop, he established his mastery by 17 and began receiving important commissions. In 1504 he moved to Florence, where he executed many of his famous Madonnas; his unity of composition and suppression of inessentials is evident in The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1506). Though influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's chiaroscuro and sfumato, his figure types were his own creation, with round, gentle faces that reveal human sentiments raised to a sublime serenity. In 1508 he was summoned to Rome to decorate a suite of papal chambers in the Vatican. The frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura are probably his greatest work; the most famous, The School of Athens (1510 C 11), is a complex and magnificently ordered allegory of secular knowledge showing Greek philosophers in an architectural setting. The Madonnas he painted in Rome show him turning away from his earlier work's serenity to emphasize movement and grandeur, partly under Michelangelo's High Renaissance influence. The Sistine Madonna (1513) shows the richness of colour and new boldness of compositional invention typical of his Roman period. He became the most important portraitist in Rome, designed 10 large tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel, designed a church and a chapel, assumed the direction of work on St. Peter's Basilica at the death of Donato Bramante,
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